The OSI Model & Layer

The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. It was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model.

Visual Understanding Of OSI Reference Model

7 Layer Architecture:

A key "Statement" to remember  the arrangement of OSI Layered Architecture:

"ALL PEOPLE SEEMS TO NEED DATA PROCESSING "  

7) Application Layer

6) Presentation Layer

5) Session Layer

4) Transport Layer

3) Network Layer

2) Data Link Layer

1) Physical Layer

CLICK HERE FOR OSI MODEL IN ANIMATED 

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How the DNS works

DNS, which stands for domain name system, controls your domain name's website and email settings. When visitors go to your domain name, its DNS settings control which company's server it reaches out to. For example, if you use GoDaddy's DNS settings, visitors will reach GoDaddy's servers when using your domain name.

 


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZUxoi7YNgs

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Intranet VS Extranet

 

Intranet	Extranet
Within a organization	Two or more organization
Used to provide information to the employees	Used to share information with other organization
Private network	Public network
Unlimited access to data	Limited access to data
More secure	Less secure

 

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object Code VS Source Code

Source Code	Object Code
It is written in high-level or assembly language	It is written in machine language through compiler
It is easy to understand	It is difficult to understand
It is easy to modify	It is difficult to modify
It contains fewer statements than object code	It contains more statements than source code

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Compiler VS Interpreter

COMPILER	INTERPRETER
Compiler convert a program into machine code as a whole	Interpreter converts a program into machine code statement by statement
Compile create object code file	Interpreter doesn’t  create object code
Compiler converts high level program that can be executed many time	Compiler converts high level program each time it is executed
Compiler displays syntax errors after compiling the whole program	Interpreter displays the syntax error on each statement of program
Program execution is fast	Program execution is slow

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How Does LED Works:

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How Pointing Sticks Works:

Must Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Alctk_OmOI

Reasons for the Trackpoint

1. You never have to let you fingers leave the keys. You can just move your pointer finger over and move the mouse and then click while still on the asdf key sets.

2. It is easy to use and learn on.

3. Takes up less space on the laptop. This is not an issue with todays Monster desktop replacements.

4. I find it very accurate.

Reasons for the Touchpad

1. Touchpad allows for multiple functions – scroll, slide, click and application launching

2. It seems to cause less stress on the wrist when using

Failures of the trackpoint

1. The pointer stick often gets dirty (kinda sticky)

2. You may hit it by accident when typing

3. There is not scrolling option unless you have a newer IBM.

Failures of the touch pad

1. People often hit it it when they are moving their wrists or fingers.

2. Difficult to learn quickly or use accurately

3. You cannot use it with one hand.

4. It can get very dirty , chips and dip are not very nice to the touchpad.

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Types Of Computer:

An ​electronic ​machine that is used for ​storing, ​organizing, and ​finding words, ​numbers, and ​pictures, for doing ​calculations, and for ​controlling other ​machines: a ​personal/​home computer All ​our ​customer ​orders are ​handled by computer. We've put all ​our ​records on computer. computer ​software/​hardware computer ​graphics a computer ​program

There are three main types of computer

1)    Analog computer

2)    Digital computer

3)    Hybrid computer

Analog computer:

Ø Analog computer use electronic or mechanical phenomena

Ø Electronic phenomena use

Ø Analog computer gives its best in solving dynamic problems

Ø It simulating complex physical system

Ø Analog computer were widely used in scientific and industrial application

Ø Analog computer can have a very wide range of complexity

Ø It used analog computation to perform and control functions

Ø It contains high speed computing elements

Ø Analog computer used to simulate mathematical functions, physical system and dynamic processes

Ø Special purpose analog computers ere the slide rule

Ø General purpose analog computer were first built in 1930’s

Digital computer:

Ø Digital computer operates on digital data such as numbers

Ø It uses binary number system in which there are only two digits 0 and 1

Ø It perform arithmetic & logical operations with discrete values

Ø These computer are good to solve algebraic equation as well as manipulating number

Ø It have ability to perform algebraic equation as well as data storage and for documentation

Ø The result can be obtained in variety of forms (printed table, magnetic tape)

Ø Mostly used in high accuracy and high volume numerical calculation

Ø In early 1940s,  Aiken built the first general-purpose digital computer called Mark-1

Ø Today digital computer are widely used in business, education and hospital etc

Ø Examples of digital computer are IBM PC, Apple Macintosh computer etc

Hybrid computer:

Ø Hybrid computer are combination of analog and digital computers

Ø It uses analog-to-digital & digital-to-analog conversion

Ø Dynamic problem which difficult to handle, can be solved in reasonable period of time

Ø These computer can produce highly accurate precise result

Ø These type of computers used in robotics, medical labs etc

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